Favors for and Against Lowering the Legal Drinking Age

Factors In Favor of and Against Khimley Young Critical Thinking and Problem Solving/ Hum 200 AOS Instructor Dr. Steven Mathews October 24, 2012 Lowering the Legal Drinking Age to 18: Yea or Nay Argument in Favor of Lowering the Legal Drinking Age The age of 18 is a transitional point in life. An 18-year=old can vote, marry, enlist in the military and buy cigarettes. To some it’s absurd that an 18-year-old can vote politicians into office and fight wars for the country but cannot legally buy and consume alcohol. Strong (It tells you everything that an 18-year-old can do) Like it or not alcohol is part of the fabric of American Culture. People drink at parties, weddings work functions and any other events. And medical†¦show more content†¦By allowing more people to legally drink alcohol, it seems logical that the number of alcohol- related deaths would only increase. Weak (It speaks about the number of death that are related to alcohol) Alcohol is a legalized drug that clouds judgment and reduces inhibition, making it a common factor in automobile accidents, violent crimes (including child abuse) and the spread of sexually transmitted disease. Strong (It speaks on how alcohol can affect you) With such serious potential consequences legal alcohol drinking should be restricted to people with some adult life experience that can use wisdom in their alcohol use. Allowing 18-year=olds (just out of high school) with no previous adult life experience to add alcohol to their new found freedom can only result in trouble. Weak (there is some mature 18-year-olds) In most states, the legal driving age is 16. By 21, the average driver has approximately five years of driving experience. Allowing 18-year-olds to drink alcohol put more potentially intoxicated drivers with less driving experience on our roads. That would surely lead to a higher number of alcohol-related accidents and deaths, which claim just as many innocent lives as drunk drivers. Strong (This will put more intoxicated young people on the roads) While medical research does show some health benefits fromShow MoreRelatedMinimum Legal Drinking Agre1173 Words   |  5 PagesThe legal age of adulthood in the United States for most purposes is 18. At the age of 18, a person enters the realm of adulthood and is assigned the rights and responsibilities associated with this legal status. For example, an 18 year old can legally sign a contract and is bound by the terms and conditions of the contract. An 18 year old can marry without parental consent, serve on a jury, and vote in state and federal elections. An 18 year old who is charged with a crime is not tried in theRead MoreChallenging The Legal Drinking Age1689 Words   |  7 PagesMackenzie Schultz Mrs. Hamilton AP English Language 25 July 2014 Challenging the Legal Drinking Age The Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA) has been challenged since the passing of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 that raised the drinking age to twenty-one in all fifty states (Ogilvie). Advocates for lowering the MLDA to eighteen years of age argue that this change will eliminate the thrill of breaking the law for young adults entering college and boost the national economy. SupportersRead MoreEssay on Stakeholder Analyses for Us Drinking Age986 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States already know, the national minimum age for purchasing alcohol is twenty-one. However, prior to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, some states lowered the drinking age below 21 (mainly as a result of the lowered voting age). The Drinking Age Act was put into place as a result of a correlation between young drinking and motor vehicle fatalities. Under the provisions of the Act, any states with a minimum drinking age below 21 are subject to a 10% cut in highway fundingRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be During The United States1387 Words   |  6 Pagesdebate about what the legal drinking age should be in the United States has been ubiquitous. People of all ages advocate both for and against lowering the age, and some people do not even have an opinion. What has led people to their specific convictions, and what facts do they possess that support these convictions? In the following paragraphs, this popular controversy will be addressed as each position is thoroughly analyzed. Many people today advocate for the drinking age to remain where it isRead MoreLower the Drinking Age Essay examples1430 Words   |  6 Pagesalcohol. Lowering the drinking age to 18 would help prevent the crime and personal injuries that are caused by alcohol abuse. Although many states are trying to get the drinking age lowered, there are many groups and national statistics that are keeping the drinking set at 21. For example, â€Å"The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says laws setting the drinking age at 21 have cut traffic fatalities involving drivers by 13 percent† (Keen). They are hoping that by keeping the age set at 21Read MoreNot Lowering the Drinking Age1642 Words   |  7 PagesJuly 2011 Not Lowering the Drinking Age Many teenage deaths in the United States are caused in some way by the influence of alcohol; however, many people still believe that the legal drinking age should be reduced to eighteen. This issue has been going on for years, but the law has not been changed since the change to twenty-one in 1980. States have become stricter about preventing under-age drinking, but teenagers have no problem getting alcohol. There are many arguments in favor of changing theRead MoreUnderage Drinkers And The Drinking Age1237 Words   |  5 Pagesthey actually go out. Underage adults are binge drinking and doing drugs before they leave their house, then they are out on the road, in public places, and making irrational decisions. If only these adults didn’t feel the need to pre-game, and get as belligerent as the can before they go out, because once they do that’s the end of their drinking until they get back home. There is a way to reduce dangerous drinking, it would be to lower the drin king age to 18. Once lowered to 18, adults would no longerRead MoreCausal Argument Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesArgument: Will Lowering the Drinking Age Solve the Problem of Binge Drinking among College Students? Research has supported the observation that young people in America consume alcohol regularly; this prevalence of use increases rapidly during adolescence, as well as a few years afterward (Wagenaar and Wolfson 37). This has come to be a problem among college students. It has been shown through extensive quantitative and qualitative research that those under twenty-one years of age are able to obtainRead MoreDrinking Culture and American Social Norms1318 Words   |  6 PagesSPEECH #3 – PERSUASIVE SPEECH Name: DANIEL C. DILIGENT Title: Lowering the Legal Drinking Age Specific Purpose: To argue in favor of lowering the minimum legal drinking age in the United States. Thesis Statement: I will discuss 1) the current legal drinking age, 2) the effect that this drinking age has upon American social norms, and 3) the potential benefits of a lower drinking age. I. INTRODUCTION A. Hook: Alcohol is ever-present in today’s American society. Television viewers are constantly bo mbardedRead MoreAccording To â€Å"College Drinking,† Almost Two Out Of Three1388 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to â€Å"College Drinking,† almost two out of three college students engage in binge drinking. Binge drinking is a pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels to 0.08 g/dL or higher (â€Å"College Drinking†). Many parents, guardians, and psychologists believe that college students binge drink because they think drinking is an integral part of their higher education. Similar to peer pressure, college students drink because the rest of the student body drinks. Furthermore

The Beauty Standard On The Average Person - 1237 Words

Monkey see, monkey do is an unfortunate saying that captures the effect of the beauty standard on the average person. Our culture and industry bombard us with images of women with features far from the norm. This has caused many women to look and compare themselves with a very unnatural image. Many have tried to replicate the model body they see, without considering the harm that it could cause. The beauty standard today is not what it should be because the industry is manipulative, it makes women insecure about themselves, and is responsible for potential health effects. The ideal body image has ironically changed for the worst. Beauty trends no longer rely on natural methods such as a good diet, exercise, and makeup, but now include plastic surgery, implants, stomach stapling, chemical peels and more (Graydon). Even trends that were deemed harmful in the past are being brought up again, like corset wearing, which has been popularized by celebrity Kim Kardashian. Many people are mad e aware or even choosing to follow these trends due to the culture we live in. It is a culture where no one is satisfied with what they have because we are constantly comparing ourselves to something that is seemingly better. The â€Å"Contrast Effect† is a psychological explanation for this self-judgement. Essentially, people feel less attractive when they’re around more attractive people and vice versa. This heightened self-consciousness focuses too much on bodily imperfections (Flora). EverythingShow MoreRelatedBeauty Industry Has A Big Impact On Females And Males1416 Words   |  6 PagesBeauty can be conveyed using a multitude of factors. From the color of a person s skin, to their eyes, to even their heart. There are beauty standards, but there are diversities between what s the â€Å"official† standard and what individuals think is beautiful. Everyone see things in a different light and America s beauty standards are no different. The beauty industry ha s a big impact on females and males. American’s perception of beauty is altered in many different ways based on the culture, skinRead MoreThe History of Human Beauty Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pagescivilizations have admired the beauty that the world has presented, but isn’t beauty held in the eye of the beholder? The word can be used to describe a variety of things. It can describe places, animals, objects, people and even ideas. However, the one beauty our society embraces today is human beauty. Because the perception of beauty differs from person to person, different ideas of beauty developed throughout history, which in turn formed standards for human beauty, and these standards have had a massiveRead MoreSocietal Standards Of Female Beauty1282 Words   |  6 Pagesguidance when it comes to fashion, beauty, and information. â€Å"Magazines and advertisements are used to help women better themselves by giving information and products to make them look and feel bet ter† (Serdar 1). Without magazines and advertisements there wouldn t be an exact focus on beauty standards.. People would have the freedom to choose what they like and what they consider beautiful instead of following the crowd. â€Å"Sociocultural standards of female beauty are in every aspect of popular mediaRead MoreWomen s Criteria Of Beauty1421 Words   |  6 Pagesheinous detriments to uphold and exceed society’s criteria of beauty. From erratic plastic surgery to preposterous and deleterious methods of weight loss, the yearning for beauty has always played a prominent role in the development of culture. This role has only been amplified as time goes on-- in today’s day and age, the desire to attain and maintain a new standard of beauty is inevitable and inescapable. We’ve all heard the phrase, â€Å"beauty pays†, and we’ve all felt society’s immense and crushingRead MoreBeauty Is The Eyes Of Society904 Words   |  4 Page sBeauty in the Eyes of Society Beauty is, by definition, a â€Å"combination of qualities, such as shape, color, or form, which pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight† (Beauty). Beauty is something that many people, no matter the race or sex, strive for whether it is consciously or unconsciously. In today’s world, it is believed that beauty can open doors to many places and is often viewed as a luxury by many people. For women in particular, the standards of beauty are extremely high, theyRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society1560 Words   |  7 PagesLooks don’t matter, beauty is only skin-deep, you’re beautiful just the way you are. How many times have we heard this, yet we live in a society that appears to contradict this very idea. If looks don’t matter then why do women and girls live in a society where their bodies define who they are? If looks don t matter then why is airbrushing used by the media to hide any flaws a person has? What exactly is causing thi s, why do we feel like we are just not beautiful the way we are? Its the mediaRead MoreSocietal Standards of Feminine Beauty Essay783 Words   |  4 Pagesculture at large is bound to the narcissistic constraints about how women should look. These unattainable beauty standards, largely proliferated through the media, have drastic impacts on women and their body image. 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How does beauty affect everyday people? To a blind person, beauty is â€Å"only skin deep†, however, for someone with functioning vision. It is not just that, beauty to the eyes is the color of the skin, the strategic placement of fat, and the shape of the human skeleton. The bones do not even have to be human they could be plastic. To be beautiful is something people crave, better yet to be gorgeous. Oh, to be gorgeousRead MoreBeauty : Self Harm For Men And Women1401 Words   |  6 PagesBeauty: Self-Harm for Men and Women Aristotle once said, â€Å"Personal beauty is greater recommendation than any letter of reference.† One of the greatest philosophers recognized the importance of physical attractiveness. Although Aristotle recognized the importance of physical beauty in 300 BC, appearance is still of great significance in today’s culture. Americans idolize beauty because, over the decades, men and women have learned to use their appearance for personal advantage. As a result, the pursuit

The Executive Branch Essay - 1688 Words

The Executive Branch #65279;The executive branch of our government is like a chameleon. To a startling degree it reflects the character and personality of the President. Clark M. Clifford, 1972 Page 189. Ford was not a natural administrator, but he a was an experienced political professional. His practice was to steer clear of jurisdictional rivalries, avoid having confidants within his cabinet, have private sources of advice outside the cabinet, leave management and program implementation to the department heads,: and encourage dissent when he was making up his mind, but reserve the final decisions for himself. Page 120 Your motives will help maintain a positive outlook Your speaking style and†¦show more content†¦Page 54 Eisenhower was enormously popular with the American people from the period of his service as supreme allied commander in Europe in World War II to his death in 1969, but it was long held by students of American politics that his performance as chief executive was largely a nonperformance. It was widely assumed that the policies of the Eisenhower administration were made not by the amiable IKE but by his less-then-amiable secretary of state, John Foster Dulles, and his stony-faced White House chief of staff, Sherman Adams. Page 44 At U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New York, Eisenhower graduated sixty-first in a class of 164. (so you dont have to be smart to be president). Page 45 One facet of Roosevelts public leadership was his fireside chats--the low-key, almost conversational radio broadcasts through which he explained his policies. In contrast with presidents who inundate the nation with words, Roosevelt rationed his broadcasts. Page 16-17. Master of Maneuver#8212; No other president has been more politically proficient than FDR,... with a legendary political network, and charm that could melt glaciers. Page 17. (same as Clinton). Emotional Intelligence#8212; The politically gifted, emotionally challenged William Jefferson Clinton provides yet another indication of the fundamental importance of emotional intelligence in theShow MoreRelatedThe Power Of The Executive Branch1592 Words   |  7 PagesAs the President of the United States, we see him, or possibly in the future her, as the supreme or ultimate power since they are the highest on the chain. For instance, just as monarchies saw their king or queens. The power of the Executive Branch is solely invested in the President, also assumes the position as head of state and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. 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While the United States executive branch, more specifically the President, has a substantialRead MoreEssay On The Executive Branch872 Words   |  4 Pages The many members of the executive branch in our American government system have different roads to their respective seats, varying motivations while they are in said seats, and contrasting aspirations for their political careers once they plan to move on from the Senate or the House of Representatives—if they even decide to leave that part of the government. Their practices are not entirely based on objective governmental values; instead, the members of Congress wheel and deal, trading favors withRead MoreA Brief Note On Legislative Branch And Executive Branch790 Words   |  4 PagesHi, my name is Legislative Branch. I was born in 1787, whe n my founders needed to make a set of rules to govern the nation. My founders wanted to protect the citizens, and prevent government abuse. 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German And United Kingdom Primary Influential Factors

German and United Kingdom: Primary Influential Factors in Government Formation Comparative analyses of European politics allow political scientists to formulate and test policies through cross-compare, learn best practices, make predictions and develop a standardized model of democracy for new nations. Techniques of comparison are useful in the observation of government formation, as they enable analysts to derive the similar and differing factors influencing formations. Throughout Europe, there are four types of government formations: single-party majority, minimal-winning coalition, oversized coalitions and minority governments. According to European Politics: A Comparative Introduction, where Tim Bale calculated the percentage of each administration between 1945 and 2010, the overall composition of Europe s governments (limited to the 27 member-states of the European Union or EU-27) can be broken down into the following: 11 percent single-party majority, 33 percent minimal-winning coalition, 34 percent minority government and 21 percent oversized coalitions (Bale 2013 – p119, Gallagher et al., (2011: 434). While minimal-winning coalition and minority government are far more common than other types of governments, it has been argued that coalitions are the norm in Europe (Boucek, 2010:48-51). Political scientists have recognized two main factors influencing coalition formation: office-seeking – where parties form alliances to obtain power and positions in theShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The World War I1755 Words   |  8 Pages(Berghahn 122-124). 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Logically, its engagement in these wars had foundations on various reasons, and it employed numerous tactics to ensure that it emerged victorious in each instance. Besides, these wars had different implications, some of which are still significantly relevant to the contemporary society. Since its establishment as a superpower at the beginning of the twentieth centuryRead MoreThe Decision Making Process Of Extermination By The Nazi Germans During World War II3182 Words   |  13 Pages International Baccalaureate Extended Essay Group 3: History To what extent was religion a key factor in the decision making process of extermination by the Nazi Germans during World War II? Candidate: Là ©a Le Baron Candidate Number: 003965-0026 Session: May 2015 Word count: 3, 230 Abstract Approximately eleven million people were killed during World War II. However, of that eleven million, an estimated six million were part of the world’s Jewish population. 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Accounting Software Packages Used in Australia

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Software Packages Used in Australia. Answer: Introduction The accounting has been the major business lifeline which deals with the analysis and the reports of the different data information for the business. With the accounting software, there have been different functional modules which include the general ledger to work on the financial dealings of the company, with the account payables where the company can operate on the bills and then pay the money it owes along with the Accounts receivables where the money is entered. (Sela et al., 2015). Types of the different Accounting Software Package There have been different methods which are based on the requirements of the business along with the small and the personal accounting software which mainly is for the home users. These are simply for the handling of the functions to manage the budgets. The lower end accounting software is the markets with, the smaller business that can work on the single national market. The software has been set to hold the single entry products with the mid-market accounting with the larger business. The software can hold the different servings as per the needs of the accountancy standards with the multiple currency accounting. History of the Accounting Software There have been used different systems for the accounting in the "general ledger". The book has been assigned to the pages for the different accounts with the cash, receivables, payables and the other stockholder equity limits. There has been an analysis of the everyday transactions which are in the journal with manual registration. In the year, 1983, the company Intuit can launch the computerized computing software with different programs for the personal financial. (Friedman et al., 2016). This will be for the Turbo Tax and the calculations of the various general and the income taxes for the business accounting of the small and the mid-size organizations which have been set under the diversified consumer pattern. At this time, there has been a proper growth and the development of the technologies that hold the manual journal entries which are seen to be in the past with other computer technological innovations. This makes the job of the accountant easier where the applications have been presented in the professional manner to perform the tasks in an efficient manner. Companies Using the Accounting Software applications in Australia. Some of them are: 1. Intuit QuickBooks 2. MYOB 3. Reckon 4. Saasu 5. Xero Intuit QuickBooks has been famous by the Australian small enterprise owners. There have been working on the different commercial enterprise accounting software where the primary function is the charge and the comprehensive degree of the features. The commercial industry throughout Australia uses the tracking of the profits, costs, and the income. (Vasilev et al., 2015). MYOB has been for the accounting where the goal is to function and design the carrying of the different features of the software. This helps in carrying out the contribute to the proprietors with the boom in the profitability to make best decisions which are based on the actual view of the commercial enterprise commercial operations. The Australian retail enterprise owners work on MYOB where they can handle the store sign ups with the factor of sale transactions. Reckon has been working on the high-quality accounting and the bookkeepers. This has been identified with the less costly cloud accounting for the different small and the medium sized business. The platform is based on the manner price interface where there is a receive of the debit and the credit cards through the cell phone. Current Market Considering Australia, there have been accounting software which has been competing. The two companies are the Xeros with the neighbor New Zealand and the QuickBooks on-line from the US where the focus has been based on Intuit. These are not the only ones in the marketplace which are based on holding the product with the look to outpace the other fields. (d Alessandro et al., 2015). QBO works on the global rising with the introduction to the Australian market. Xeros has been working lively for the time of 3 years and more which has been facilitating the other accountants and the smaller companies. The refreshing engagement helps in proper communication with the client and hence, there is untrammeled life with the 12 months in a year growth. The Xeros evangelists are the costing testaments. Leaders in the Market Xero has been considered to be the leading accounting software program issuer in the marketing segment which can work on the representations of the big shares in the different corporations in Australia. The enterprise of the business is made of the international government and the other management which can execute and work on the increase method which has a notable experience for the SaaS finance with the generation of the execution to join the Board. (Gagin et al., 2015). The Xero has been elevated with the strategic partnership which includes the decisions based on the small accounting platform through the large four pattern and the other international manufacturers of accounting in the nation who are holding the out of doors Xero's number in a region. Competitive Advantage As per the research, Xero has been working on the competitive advantage where there is a need to set up the great surroundings of the third party solutions. The pattern is based on the integration with the XERO which allows the agencies to undertake easily the incorporated business works which are for the answer tailored for the industries. The company has been working to work on the intentional with the different partners of the environment which include the rectangular, Vend, Receipt Bank and the Zen Payroll. There has been now an extra charge than the other 400 surrounding applications which are working on the other 300 on 31 March 2014. With over 20%, there have been different editions of the commercial enterprise where the customers are working on the upload on programs with the top class merchandise to attach the price with the 40%. This will help in allowing the Xero to offer the revolutionary solutions with the clients of Xero of what they want and opt for. (Yu et al., 2015). Challenges We need to focus on the leading software programs and the applications which are for the transferring to the other cloud base patterns with the fashion to handle the major concerns. (Gala et al., 2015). This comes with the security records where there have been different components in the business which can run on the fact on-line patterns with the content line material that are prone to the hackers, fraud, and the other threats. There is a need to work on the challenges and the other security customization with the different groups. Recommendations The companies need to work on maintaining the customer relationship management with the hold of the software compatibility. The customers need to focus on handling the technical support with the speedy access to the different import and the export of their accounting software. This will help in managing the system with the accuracy to work on the various system errors. Also, the accounting software needs to meet the security system which has the capability to handle the various business accounting forums. Conclusion The pattern is based on the records and the processes which will be holding the financial documents and the other balance sheet, profit and loss accounts with the statement of changes. This can be easily worked on with the help of accounting software. The software works on different modules where there is general ledger to take hold of the various deals of the company. (Rushforth et al., 2015). Reference Sela, I., Ashkenazy, H., Katoh, K. and Pupko, T., 2015. GUIDANCE2: accurate detection of unreliable alignment regions accounting for the uncertainty of multiple parameters.Nucleic acids research,43(W1), pp.W7-W14. Friedman, S.P., Communar, G. and Gamliel, A., 2016. DIDASUser-friendly software package for assisting drip irrigation design and scheduling.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,120, pp.36-52. Vasilev, G., Parvanova, S., Dineva, P. and Wuttke, F., 2015. Soil-structure interaction using BEMFEM coupling through ANSYS software package.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,70, pp.104-117. d'Alessandro, V., Di Napoli, F., Guerriero, P. and Daliento, S., 2015. An automated high-granularity tool for a fast evaluation of the yield of PV plants accounting for shading effects.Renewable Energy,83, pp.294-304. Gagin, A. and Levin, I., 2015. Accounting for unknown systematic errors in Rietveld refinements: a Bayesian statistics approach.Journal of Applied Crystallography,48(4), pp.1201-1211. Yu, Y., Harris, A.J., Blair, C. and He, X., 2015. RASP (Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies): a tool for historical biogeography.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,87, pp.46-49. Gala, A.B., Raugei, M., Ripa, M. and Ulgiati, S., 2015. Dealing with waste products and flows in life cycle assessment and emergy accounting: Methodological overview and synergies.Ecological Modelling,315, pp.69-76. Rushforth, A. and Rijcke, S., 2015. Accounting for impact? The journal impact factor and the making of biomedical research in the Netherlands.Minerva,53(2), pp.117-139.

Motivation by Job Design free essay sample

This structure tells us how these elements in a job are organized can act to increase or decrease effort. When I took a look at the Job Characteristics Model (JCM) it describes five core job dimensions that managers should look into to increase motivation within employees. I have heard employees say â€Å"I only come to work for this easy check, there is nothing to do here but eat, sleep and the most work if any is when a resident decides to act out. I wondered about those statements and ask myself Do they like their job, do they want to be here, and most of all are they committed or can they become committed? This is why I thought, Motivating by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model was interesting. The dimensions are as follow, Skill variety, having enough activities in a job â€Å"so the worker can use a number of different skills and talent† (Robbins amp; Judge, 2011, Motivation by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model) Task identity, how much of the â€Å"job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work† (Robbins amp; Judge, 2011, Motivation by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model) meaning that if your job requires doing one or two activities it may score low on the model and may not become experienced, meaningfulness at work. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation by Job Design or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They also my score low on internal work motivation. Task significance is another element in job structure was jobs should be designed to have an impact on employee’s lives or work with other people. Autonomy is an important connection also to job structure because an employee which has no freedom to be independent and discrete in scheduling the work and carry it out will score low on the JCM. The one most important element in job design is feedback, it not only lower absenteeism and turnover but the psychological states of mind of the employee and employer scores high on the â€Å"knowledge of the actual results of the work activities† (Robbins amp; Judge, 2011, Motivation by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model). Scoring high on the five dimensions is critical to the psychological states, resulting in experienced meaningfulness of the work and personal and workout comes are high also such as â€Å"high internal work motivation, quality work performance, satisfaction with the work, and low absenteeism and turnover† (Robbins amp; Judge, 2011, Motivation by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model). Depending on the feedback, employees growth may need strengthening. Reference Robbins, S. P. , amp; Judge, T. A. (2011). Motivation: From Concepts to Applications  (14th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.